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SHANGHAI MUNICIPALITY（上海市）
Shanghai Municipality is
shown as the small white area within the dark purple area. It is bounded by Zhejiang Province to
the south and by Jiangsu
Province to the west.
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General Profile:
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Population: 16,700,000
Area: 6,340.5 square kilometres
General information: The city
is built on a low-lying, flat area formed by the Yangtze River Delta. It is the largest commercial and financial
centre in China and is a major seaport.
Average temperatures: 2 degrees
C to 4 degrees C in January; 27 degrees C to 28 degrees C in July.
Physical features: The area
contained in the municipality is mountainous in the north and the west, with
flatlands in the southeast.
Rivers: The Huangpu River flows
through the municipality.
Economic features: Since
manufacturing is expanding westward into Jiangsu
Province, and southward into Zhejiang
Province, the city's status as a business centre as well as centre for education,
science and technology is becoming enhanced.
Administrative divisions: 12
districts and 10 counties.
Historical significance: In the
1840s, Shanghai was a small town. Its
close position to the sea (the name means “by the sea”) made it vulnerable to
pirates and the town was enclosed in a wall for protection.
It grew rapidly near the International Settlement (outside
the wall) after the Opium Wars. The
city acquired its first million inhabitants by 1900.
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Natural Resources:
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The municipality is almost completely urban, with few natural resources.
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Economic Profile:
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1999
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2000
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Economic
Indicators
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Value
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Growth
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Value
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Growth
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(%
p.a.)
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(% p.a.)
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Gross domestic product (RMB bn)
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403.5
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9.4*
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455.1
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10.8*
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GDP per capita (RMB)
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30,805
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9.1
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34,600
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12.3
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Disposable income per capita
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- urban (RMB)
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10,932
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24.5
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11,718
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7.2
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- rural (RMB)
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5,409
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-1.9
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5,596
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3.5
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Fixed investment (RMB bn)
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185.6
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-5.6
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186.1
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0.2
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Value added by sector
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- primary (RMB bn)
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8.0
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0.1
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8.2
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2.5
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- secondary (RMB bn)
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195.4
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5.8
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218.7
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11.9
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- tertiary (RMB bn)
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200.1
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13.6
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228.3
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14.1
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Retail sales (RMB bn)
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159.0
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8.1
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172.2
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8.3
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Inflation (CPI, %)
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-1.5
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2.5
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Exports (US$ bn)
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18.3
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17.0
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24.6
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34.7
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- by FIEs (US$ bn)
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10.4
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26.7
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14.3
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37.8
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Imports (US$ bn)
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19.8
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26.9
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30.1
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52.1
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- by FIEs (US$ bn)
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12.3
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22.6
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19.1
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55.4
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Foreign direct investments
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- number of projects
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1,472
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-1.2
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1,814
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23.2
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- contracted amount (US$ bn)
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4.1
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-29.8
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6.4
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55.1
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- utilised amount (US$ bn)
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2.8
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-21.2
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3.2
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11.4
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Notes: *in real terms
Sources: Beijing Statistical
Yearbook
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Infrastructure:
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Water Transport － Shanghai is a transport
hub of central China. The port of
Shanghai is the largest in China, served by more than 19 international container-shipping
lines. In 2000, the number of
containers handled by Shanghai grew by 33 per cent to 5.6 million TEU. Shanghai is linked to the inland provinces
via the Yangtze River, which leads to as far as Chongqing.
Railways － The railway network
consists of trunk lines connecting Beijing, Hangzhou and
other major cities in the country.
The opening of Shanghai-Kowloon Railway shortened the travel time
between Hong Kong and Shanghai to 29 hours.
Roadways － Road links have been
greatly improved in recent years. The
opening of Shanghai-Ningbo Expressway and Shanghai-Hangzhou Expressway
shortened the travel time from Shanghai to Nanjing and
Shanghai to Hangzhou
to only 2.3 and 1.5 hours respectively.
Transport within Shanghai was improved with the construction of
Yian'an Road which connects the airport, the Bund（外灘）and the outer ring road.
Air Transport － The Hongqiao（虹橋）Airport is one of the largest airports in
China and also the hub of civil aviation in east China. It is now served by more than 300 air
routes and provides services to 88 domestic and overseas cities. The Pudong（浦東）Airport provides an annual handling
capacity of 20 million passengers and 750,000 tons of cargo.
Telecommunications － By the end of 2000,
there were 3.6 million mobile phone users around the city and the mobile
phone penetration rate was 24.5 per cent, which the second highest after
Beijing. The penetration rate for
residential fixed line telephones reached 86 per cent in 2000.
Gas Supply － To accelerate the
country's energy development strategy in coming years, a major gas pipeline
with total length of 4,200 kilometres is being built. The pipeline will start from the Tarim
Basin in Xinjiang
and ends at Shanghai, passing through Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu and Ningxia Hui Autonomous
Region.
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Agriculture:
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The relatively small amount of agricultural land within the municipality
produces rice, wheat, potatoes, rape seed, soybeans, peanuts, cotton, silk
and pears.
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Industry:
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Shanghai is one of the most
important industrial bases in China.
In 2000, Shanghai's industrial output reached RMB 691.5 billion, of which,
the city's output of steel and motor vehicles reached 17.8 million tons and
253,000 vehicles, respectively, ranking the first and second in China,
respectively.
Other major
industries in Shanghai include: electronic and telecommunications equipment, petrochemical
other chemical processing, power station equipment and parts and home
electrical appliances. The total
output of these main industries increased by 18.7 per cent in 2000 and accounted
for 53.6 per cent of the city’s total industrial output.
In 2000, Shanghai's information
technology (IT) industry generated RMB 35 billion in value added,
representing and increase of 28.8 per cent over 1999. Major IT products included large-scale
integrated circuits, computers and mobile telecommunications equipment.
Shanghai was chosen as
one of the cities to spearhead reforms in the tertiary sector covering
banking, retailing, finance, trading and property development. At present, there are more than 6,000 contracted
foreign investment projects in the tertiary sector, operating in areas such
as retailing, banking, insurance, trading, shipping and property development.
Shanghai is an
important financial centre of China. The
sector expanded at an average annual rate of 16 per cent 1990 to 1999 and its
share of Shanghai’s GDP rose from 10 per cent in 1990 to 20 per cent in 1999.
In 1991, the Chinese government
authorised foreign banks to open branches in Shanghai for the first time
since 1949. Banks from Japan, the USA,
France and Hong Kong have set up representative offices in Shanghai to
participate in trade finance business.
Shanghai has more than 50 foreign-funded banks and about 24 of them
have licenses to carry out Renminbi business.
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Science and Technology:
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Pudong New Area（浦東新區）
The Pudong New Area was
a major focal point for China's economic development strategy for the
1990s. Pudong has and area of 350 square kilometres located between the
Huangpu River and the Yangtze River.
In coming years, Pudong intends to become an international centre of
finance, trade, tourism, and conference and exhibition. In the first quarter of 2001, the real
economy of Pudong grew by 15.6 per cent, after a 16.5 per cent growth rate in
2000.
Pudong is divided into three
zones, each with a different emphasis: free trade in Waigaoqiao（外高橋）, finance in Lujiazui（陸家嘴）and export processing in Jinqiao（金橋）.
In 2000, Pudong approved 693 foreign-invested
projects with contractual foreign capital of US$2.9 billion. In Jan-Jun 2001, Pudong reported a 26 per cent rise
of foreign trade to reach US$14.3
billion. Imports rose 22.8 per cent
to US$8.7 billion and exports grew by 31.54 per cent to US$5.5 billion. Japan, US and Hong Kong were among the
major trading partners of Pudong.
Shanghai General
Motors Corp., a China-US joint venture, established a motor vehicle plant in
Pudong. Major Chinese enterprises
such as Chunlan Group in Jiangsu and Shanshan Group in Zhejiang, have also
established their technological and information centres in Pudong. IBM, HP, Intel, Lucent and AMKOR, a major
chip assembler, have also set up operations in the free trade zone within
Pudong.
Other
Economic Development Zones
The Shanghai
government has also set up three economic and technological development zones
in Minghan, Hongqiao and Caohejing districts.
Minghang
zone（閔行）is located at the southwest of the city
proper. The zone has developed an
industrial base comprising heavy machinery and prefabricated components for
civil construction.
Hongqiao
zone（虹橋） is located at the western part of Shanghai. The zone is designated to become a centre
of foreign trade, finance and other business services. The zone has taken a lead in the leasing
of land-use rights to foreign investors.
Caohejing
zone（漕河涇）is located at the southwestern part of
Shanghai. The zone is intended to
become a hi-tech industrial park, producing micro-electronics, optic-fibre
communication, computer software and biochemistry..
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Consumers’ Market:
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Shanghai is traditionally an important retail and distribution centre
in China. Its retail sales of
consumer goods rose by 8.3 per cent to RMB 172 billion in 2000. Major consumer centres include Shanghai No.
1 Department Store（上海第一百貨商店）and Shanghai Hualian（上海華聯商廈）. Nanjing Road is called the
"The First Chinese Commercial Street"（中華商業第一街）and has become a popular shopping area.
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Information Sources:
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Information contained in this page was obtained from:
Hong Kong Trade Development Council (http://www.tdctrade.com).
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Additional Information:
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The Chamber is in the process of maintaining regular contact with
organisations in the Shanghai. Please
contact us if you require additional information.
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